1. Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993 1;24(1):35-41;
2. Benjamin EJ, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA, Levy D. Left atrial size and the risk of stroke and death. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1995 8;92(4):835-841;
5. Di Tullio MR, Sacco RL, Sciacca RR, Homma S. Left atrial size and the risk of ischemic stroke in an ethnically mixed population. Stroke. 1999 10;30(10):2019-2024;
6. Fatema K, Bailey KR, Petty GW, Meissner I, Osranek M, Alsaileek AA. Increased left atrial volume index: Potent biomarker for first-ever ischemic stroke. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 10;83(10):1107-1115;
7. Gorelick PB. Stroke prevention. An opportunity for efficient utilization of health care resources during the coming decade. Stroke. 1994 1;25(1):220-224;
8. Gottdiener JS, Kitzman DW, Aurigemma GP, Arnold AM, Manolio TA. Left atrial volume, geometry, and function in systolic and diastolic heart failure of persons > or = 65 years of age (the cardiovascular health study). Am J Cardiol. 2006 1;97(1):83-89;
9. Lai CL, Chien KL, Hsu HC, Su TC, Chen MF, Lee YT. Left atrial dimension and risk of stroke in women without atrial fibrillation: The Chin-Shan community cardiovascular cohort study. Echocardiography. 2011 11;28(10):1054-1060;
10. Lee RJ, Bartzokis T, Yeoh TK, Grogin HR, Choi D, Schnittger I. Enhanced detection of intracardiac sources of cerebral emboli by transesophageal echocardiography. Stroke. 1991 6;22(6):734-739;
11. Piotrowski G, Banach M, Gerdts E, Mikhailidis DP, Hannam S, Gawor R. Left atrial size in hypertension and stroke. J Hypertens. 2011 10;29(10):1988-1993;
12. Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Kuller LH, Kronmal RA, Cushman M, Fried LP. Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults. Circulation. 1997 10;96(7):2455-2461;
13. Tabata T, Oki T, Fukuda N, Iuchi A, Manabe K, Kageji Y. Influence of left atrial pressure on left atrial appendage flow velocity patterns in patients in sinus rhythm. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1996 Nov-Dec;9(6):857-864;
14. Takemoto Y, Barnes ME, Seward JB, Lester SJ, Appleton CA, Gersh BJ. Usefulness of left atrial volume in predicting first congestive heart failure in patients > or = 65 years of age with well-preserved left ventricular systolic function. Am J Cardiol. 2005 9;96(6):832-836;
15. Tsang T, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ, Bailey KR, Seward JB. Left atrial volume as a morphophysiologic expression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and relation to cardiovascular risk burden. Am J Cardiol. 2002 12;90(12):1284-1289;
16. Vaziri SM, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Echocardiographic predictors of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1994 2;89(2):724-730;
17. Suh OJ, Rheu SO. The Cause of death Statistics. Department of Population Trend. Statistics Korea; 2012.